Major Innovators of Early Motion Pictures

The first machine patented in the United States that showed animated pictures or movies was a device called the wheel of life or zoopraxiscope. Patented in 1867 by William Lincoln, it allowed moving drawings or photographs to be viewed through a slit in the zoopraxiscope. However, this was a far cry from motion pictures as we know them today. The Lumià ¨re Brothers and the Birth of Motion Pictures Modern motion picture making began with the invention of the motion picture camera.  French brothers Auguste and Louis Lumià ¨re are often credited with inventing the first motion picture camera, although others had developed similar inventions at around the same time. What the Lumià ¨res invented was special, however. It combined a portable motion-picture camera, film processing unit, and a projector called the Cinematographe. It was  basically a device with three functions in one. The Cinematographe made motion pictures very popular. It can even be said that Lumieres invention gave birth to  the motion picture era.  In 1895, Lumiere and his brother became the first to demonstrate photographic moving pictures projected onto a screen for a paying audience of more than one person. The audience saw ten 50-second films, including the Lumià ¨re brother’s first, Sortie des Usines Lumià ¨re à   Lyon (Workers Leaving the Lumià ¨re Factory in Lyon). However, the Lumiere brothers were not the first to project film. In 1891, the Edison company successfully demonstrated the Kinetoscope, which enabled one person at a time to view moving pictures. Later in 1896, Edison showed his improved  Vitascope  projector, the first commercially successful projector in the U.S. Here are some of the other key players  and milestones  in the history of motion pictures: Eadweard Muybridge San Francisco photographer Eadweard Muybridge conducted motion-sequence still photographic experiments and is referred to  as the  Father of the Motion Picture, even though he did not make films in the manner in which we know them  today. Thomas Edisons Contributions Thomas Edisons interest in motion pictures began prior to 1888.  However, the visit of Eadweard Muybridge to the inventors laboratory in West Orange in February of that year certainly stimulated Edisons resolve to invent a motion picture camera. Whereas film equipment has undergone drastic changes throughout the course of history, 35mm film has remained the universally accepted film size. We owe the format to a great extent to Edison. In fact, 35mm film was once called the Edison size. George Eastman In 1889, the first commercial transparent roll film, perfected by Eastman and his research chemist, was put on the market. The availability of this flexible film made possible the development of Thomas Edisons motion picture camera in 1891. Colorization Film Colorization was invented by Canadians Wilson Markle and Brian Hunt in 1983.   Walt Disney Mickey Mouses official birthday is November 18, 1928. Thats when he made his first film debut in  Steamboat Willie. While this was the first Mickey Mouse cartoon released, the first Mickey Mouse Cartoon ever made was  Plane Crazy  in 1928 and became the third cartoon released.  Walt Disney  invented Mickey Mouse and the multi-plane camera. Richard M. Hollingshead Richard M. Hollingshead patented and opened the first drive-in theater. Park-In Theaters  opened on June 6, 1933, in Camden, New Jersey. While drive-in showings of movies took place years earlier, Hollingshead was the first to patent the concept.  Ã‚  Ã‚   The IMAX Movie System The IMAX system has its roots in EXPO 67 in Montreal, Canada, where multi-screen films were the hit of the fair. A small group of Canadian filmmakers and entrepreneurs (Graeme Ferguson, Roman Kroitor, and Robert Kerr) who had made some of those popular films decided to design a new system using a single, powerful projector rather than the cumbersome multiple projectors used at that time. To project images of far greater size and with better resolution, the  film is run horizontally so that the image width is greater than the width of the film.

Roles Of A Fashion Buyer - 2218 Words

Executive Summary The project entailed to take on the role of a fashion buyer, to strategically assess the brand â€Å"Browns Fashion† a family owned business started by Joan Burstein with her husband Sydney in 1970 based at South Molten Street 27, London. The role involved gaining in-depth knowledge about the brand studying the market where the brand operates, to identify customer profile; comprehend closest competition; to analyze key fashion trends and as a result ‘Browns Fusion’ capsule range was developed under the parent brand. Therefore, in order to accomplish, a well-defined research methodology was deployed, consisting primary and secondary research methods. (Such as interview, surveys, observations and online resources) The†¦show more content†¦The Browns fashion has been successfully catering to international clients, with  £4.5 million hits per year and 1,185 transactions per month. The Browns Fashion’s customer profile is quite selective and chic by nature. The customer lifestyle board in the below illustration tells a lot about the customer’s preferences. For instance they prefer travelling to places and enjoy glamorous lifestyle. They love shopping especially at iconic places like Oxford Street, etc. They have a keen interest in fashion, media and arts and overall they share a creative culture. Illustration 1: Customer Lifestyle Board 1.2 SWOT Analysis The table below shows internal auditing of Browns Fashion and the explanation below analyze how the factors highlighting in the SWOT could benefit the fashion buyer or marketing manager to achieve the strategic fit. Table 1: Browns SWOT Analysis 1.2.1 Explanation Observing the intrinsic factors it was analyzed that exclusiveness of product line; having industry finest designers on board and strong industry PR resulted as crux of Browns Fashion. Secondly, being a family owned business allows securing company information and 40 years of business history in London enables to build a strong heritage. Thirdly, the Omni channel operations triggers Push/Pull factors in terms of product offering and entertaining international customers. Unfortunately, less customer traffic, congested store layout, no owned women wearShow MoreRelatedCaroline Le Bon s Fashion Marketing Essay1402 Words   |  6 PagesCaroline Le Bon’s Fashion Marketing and Harriet Posner’s Marketing Fashion, defines fashion marketing and its elements. Fashion marketing and advertising is the process of analyzing, developing and marketing current fashion trends to satisfy consumer needs. Both or the readings discuss the role of marketing in the fashion industry and its dif ferences to marketing other products. Fashion products are often trended items, temporary items based on design color, fabric and pattern. 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This report will summarize the process of our group to complete the New Look fashion retailer’s case study as well asRead MoreGood News/ Bad News Business Letters858 Words   |  4 PagesFrom: Jackson [mailto:Jackson@clovines.com] Sent: Mon 06/15/2008 3:13 PM To: Rachel Cohen[Rachel.cohen@clovines.com] Cc: Subject: Recommendation for the position of Assistant Buyer Mrs. Cohen, I am pleased to recommend Jennifer Ramirez for the open position as assistant buyer in the women’s sportswear division. Mrs. Ramirez started working for us as a temporary hired sales clerk in the designer sportswear boutique of our main store in Miami during the busy 2006 Christmas seasonRead MoreExternal Analysis1181 Words   |  5 PagesLVMH – Fashion amp; Leather Goods External Analysis Faurum Doshi LVMH Summary LVMH, known as Moà «t Hennessy †¢ Louis Vuitton, is a French conglomerate and the largest producer of luxury goods in the world. LVMH was formed in 1987 with the merger of Moet et Chandon a champagne manufacturer, Hennessy a cognac manufacturer, and Louis Vuitton a fashion house. The LVMH group is comprised over five sectors: Fashion amp; Leather Goods, Wine amp; Spirits, Perfumes amp; Cosmetics, Watches amp;Read MoreEssay about Diesel for Successful Living VF722 Words   |  3 Pagessince they wanted to launch an international brand. That’s why il has the particularity to be pronounced the same worldwide: DIESEL. DIESEL has been seen in many influential fashion magazines such as FHM and Menswear. It was elected â€Å"Fashion Brand of the Year† and â€Å"Advertiser of the Year†. Therefore, Diesel is a major fashion brand. Thanks to the winning campaign â€Å"For Successful Living†, Diesel is seen as a successful brand, creative, dynamic and young brand too. The designers are sent all over the

Buying a Computer Free Essays

The primary element prior to purchasing a computer is to know ones computing requirements. The following steps could be attributed for making a right decision and finally purchasing the personal computer: †¢ Deciding ones computing requirements is the essential factor as that would determine the configuration the personal computer must possess. If one requires a general one for office applications and spreadsheets, a minimum configuration is suitable. We will write a custom essay sample on Buying a Computer or any similar topic only for you Order Now On the other hand if one requires to perform programming and other high computing platform usages then processing capability would be greater to support the launching and running of applications. †¢ The next decision would be to select between branded and non-branded PCs. Branded ones are non-assembled by the customer and are reconfigurable up to a certain limit, however they possess quality guaranteed by the vendor. Whereas the assembled PCs are reconfigurable to any extent and one can select their own hardware parts to match. This option is sought to be the best option. †¢ The hardware configuration is the next most vital point in the PC (How to buy a computer, 2007). One must focus on the following three: o Power: It usually comes from the microprocessors which are implemented in the PCs for executing the instructions faster. The Intel powered processors, AMD and others are recommended for usage. The Intel Pentium III or IV with 550 Megahertz is ideal for computing and personal environments. For extreme gamers and multimedia designers and users Intel Celeron 433 megahertz is quite ideal. Configurations: Pentium IV 1. 3 to 3. 6 GHz (robust than Celeron), Pentium IVs greater than 2. 66 GHz possess Hyper Threading technology (basically it’s like having 2 CPUs for the one), Celeron D is quite good for business applications), Xeon is used often in servers, Pentium M is common in laptops which helps the battery last longer. AMD: Sempron 2200 to 3300, Opteron, Duron (much like the Celeron, but an older AMD chip), Athlon (AMD’s model match to the Pentium III) (WisdomCorner. com). AMD would be my ideal choice as it is faster and the fans cool the chips constantly. How to cite Buying a Computer, Papers

Consumer Law and Policy Consumers and its Competitor

Question: Describe about the Consumer Law and Policy for Consumers and its Competitor. Answer: BHP Billiton provides that they are totally in favor of compliance with competition laws, and they take steps to enforce this law on the third parties who take an anti-competitive approach towards BHP Billiton Limited. The company is totally against the policy of fixing price and the process of bid rigging with respect to the consumers and its competitors. As a part of compliance with competitive law, the company does not fix competitive terms, like the process of fixing limits and discounts. The company does not engage in anti-competitive practices like restraining its productivity. The company also restricts itself from going into agreements with other companies, which provide for such restrictions. The company is completely against anti-competitive market policies like the allotment of markets, geological boundaries, manipulation of supplies and fixing customer base. The company also does not support ignoring or impose sanctions on suppliers and customers in relation to the company (BHP Billiton 2016). The company also follows a training program for its employees where they make the employees aware of the significance of competition law and fair-trading in the market. In addition, the company also provides its employees and customers with, the process of secretly informing and inspecting any event with respect to breach of competition law (BHP Billiton 2016). BHP Billiton limited has documented these policies and strategies through their official website in under the head of operating with integrity and competition law compliance. BHP Billiton Limited takes several steps to promote legal literacy and awareness about the significance of compliance with competitive law among its employees and customers. BHP Billiton Limited investigates any event with respect to the breach of competitive law compliance, evaluates its causes, and makes the employees and its customers aware of the findings so that such event does not take place in the future. The employees of BHP Billiton Limited whose role is such that they are very vulnerable to the risk of non-compliance with competitive law, as they frequently are into interaction with the competitors of the company, are regularly made aware about the significance of competition law in their role. They also provide them with frequent training on how to deal with situation, which might lead to the breach of competition law. They are also informed and trained about the significance of anti-corruption policies related to their role in the organization. This kind of training and awareness is mostly focused of their role in the business and is conducted either online or personally (BHP Billiton 2016). The internal employees of BHP Billiton limited are also frequently made aware of the issues related to anti-competitive behavior in the company. This is spread by frequent messages from the senior management about the significance of compliance with competitive law. The employees are also given the power to report any suspicious breach of competitive law polices within the organization or by its customers to the senior management (BHP Billiton 2016). After reading Chapter 16 of Tony Ciro, Vivien Goldwasser and Reeta Verma, Law and Business, 4th ed, Oxford University Press Australia, Melbourne, 2014 the recommendations, which would enhance the management activities of BHP Billiton, Limits with respect to compliance with competitive law are (Ciro, Goldwasser and Verma 2014): BHP Billiton Limited should take the measures of enforcing the compliance with competitive law through legal processes; they should follow the policy of taking legal action against any competitor, employee or customers who is engaged in malicious activities with respect to the breach of competition law. If the company takes this step then the individuals associated with it will always think twice before take a step towards the breach of completion law. This step will give immense power and control in the hand of the company towards preventing anti-competitive behavior and forcing others to abide by regulatory compliance of competition law. BHP Billiton should provide incentives and rewards to those employees and customers who work in accordance with the competitive law compliance. This will not only motivate the individuals who are already working in compliance with the provision of competitive law but also , those who are still not able to adopt these provisions as they will be eager to earn the rewards and incentives. BHP Billiton should introduce compulsory meeting and sessions with its employees and make them aware of the significance of compliance with competitive behavior. These meetings should conduct frequently and the employees should feel that this issue is of serious concern to the company. Moreover, these training and awareness sessions should focus more on the employees who have frequent interactions with the competitors and customers of the company, as they are more at risk of breaching the provisions of competitive law. These employees can easily be influenced by monetary attractions and other unethical benefits provided by the companys competitors. The company should design an efficient platform for the detection and reporting of anti-competitive activities within the company and with respect to its relation with the outside world. The employees of the company must feel safe while reporting these activities to the senior management. The company should also provide the employees with a platform to report the anti-competitive behavior of their senior officials. In this procedure, the name of the employees reporting the activity must be kept confidential so that they do not face biased behavior from their seniors. If BHP Billiton follows these recommendations, they can further improve their compliance with competitive law. Issue: The issue in this particular case is to determine the rights and remedies, which are available to Tina in relation with the Caf she has purchased, following the misleading and defective advice of Aspiring Minds PVT LTD Rule: The Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (Cth) (CCA) in Australia mostly govern entire aspects of this particular case. According to Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (Cth) (CCA), Schedule 2, Australian Consumer Law Section 4, any individual who makes a proposal for the future, without having any reasonable grounds to such proposal, and having the knowledge that such a representation is ambiguous and illusory, he is deemed to have made a misleading and deceptive representation. The individual making such misleading representation is deemed to have breached the provisions of the act unless he gives evidence that he had appropriate reasons to make such representation with relation to a future matter (Adams 2013). According to Australian Consumer Law (Section 18) , Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (Cth) (CCA) Under Schedule 2 , an individual is not supposed to get associated with any behavior , in relation to business activities , which is ambiguous and deceptive, or is probably to be illusory and misleading. This section applies without withstanding anything provided in part 3-1 of this act in relation to unfair terms (Tynan 2015). According to Australian Consumer Law(Section 37), Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (Cth) (CCA) Under Schedule 2, an individual is not allowed to make any representation with respect to activities concerning trade and commerce, in which he has appropriate grounds to believe that such representation is ambiguous and illusory. Such representation should also not be made by an individual if he thinks that it is probable that such representation is going to be deceptive and misleading (Corones 2013). The representation made by an individual should not be ambiguous and illusory with respect to any material aspect, or anything, which involves risk, loss, profit, and other business aspects for the person who is being represented misleadingly and deceptively (Knake 2014). He is not allowed to make any misleading representation according to which another person to invests effort or money into any business activity. According to of the Australian Consumer Law (Section 236), of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (Cth) (CCA) Under Schedule 2 , if an individual suffers materialistic loss with respect to the provisions of misleading and deceptive conduct provided in chapter 2 of the act. In addition, such loss is because of an act committed by another person, he is entitled to recover such loss from the other person or persons associated with that act. The person who has suffered a loss within 6 years can make such a claim, against the person or persons the misleading conduct of whom, has caused such loss. Application: If the provisions of section 4 of the Australian consumer law are applied to this particular case, it can be made out that Aspiring Minds PVT LTD has made a misleading and illusory representation to Tina about the future profitability of the caf business. The information provided by Aspiring Minds PVT LTD was not based on any reasonable grounds and was fraudulent in nature. If the provisions of the Australian Consumer Law(section 18) are applied to this particular case, it can be made out that Aspiring Minds PVT LTD had provided false and deceptive information to Tina with respect to the purchase of the caf, and breached the provision of this act. Applying the provisions of section 37 of the Australian Consumer Law, to this case it can be made out that Luke the CEO of Aspiring Minds PVT LTD had breached the provisions of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (Cth) (CCA) . Such provision has been breached by providing misleading information to Tina about the profitability of the Caf business and inducing Tina to invest towards Purchase of the caf. Tina had discovered that the information provided by Aspiring Minds PVT LTD was false and fraudulent, through the discovery of relevant documents inside the newly purchased caf. Tina can claim compensation against the misleading information provided by the company, within six years after the contract have been signed, according to section 236 of the Australian Consumer Law. Conclusion: Tina has the right to sue Aspiring Minds PVT LTD and claim compensation against the damages bared by her. The role of Australian Competition and Consumer Commission in remedies, which Tina is entitled to calm as a compensation against the misleading conduct of Aspiring Minds PVT LTD. The ACCC provides for a safer market place, for consumers and protects them, from being exploited by big industries (Whish and Bailey 2015). In this particular case, the ACCC gives protection to Tina through its legislations against misleading and deceptive conduct of Aspiring Minds PVT LTD. Such protection has been given to Tina under section 4, 18, 37 and 236 of the Australian Consumer Law (Steinwall and Griggs 2016). Section 236 of the act ensures that Tina is eligible to get compensation against the loss suffered by her from the company. Tina is also eligible to be compensated with $110000 under section 159 of the Australian Consumer Law, by Aspiring Minds PVT LTD, as it is a body corporate (Schaper and Cejnar 2016). The concept of bullying in a workplace in Australia is defined under section 789FD Fair Work Amendment Act 2013 of the When a person is victimized, humiliated, intimidated, or threatened in a way a reasonable person believes to be inappropriate he is said to be bullied. Bullying can be towards an individual or towards a group, that individual is a part of. This unreasonable behavior must create a health and safety hazard for the person on whom it is implemented, in order to be judges as bullying. Purpose of Australian Fair Work Commission in relation to bullying at work: The Australian fair work commission was given the jurisdiction to adjudge cases related to bullying at work place from the 1st of January 2016, through the Fair Work Amendment Act 2013. The purpose of the Australian fair work commission is to ensure and encourage pleasant, helpful and supportive workplace relations between the employees and the employers. It also hast the purpose of enforcing laws related to workplace in Australia. In doing this, it is the duty of the Australian fair work commission to ensure that every person within a workplace is treated reasonable and no activity with respect to bullying takes place within a workplace. It is the duty of the Australian fair work commission to provide support and remedies to the person who is genuinely being bullied at a work place after proper investigation. It also has the role to work as a mediator between the employee and the employer and solve problems related to bulling at work place. The Australian fair work commission also has the powers to set appropriate fine and penalties against a person alleged for bullying. It also has the role to spread awareness about the consequences of bulling at workplace and mak e the workers aware of the situations, which can be termed as bullying. Australian Fair Work Commission Functions: The Australian Fair Work Commission has a function of accepting application under section 789FC (1) of the Fair Work Amendment Act 2013 by workers, allegedly bullied at their workplace. The Australian Fair Work Commission begins to look into the matter within 14 days since such application has been made. The commission will look into the matter through investigation and can make the other parties to such application provide information under section 590 of the Fair Work Amendment Act 2013 If the commission is satisfied that the alleged bullying has actually taken place, it has the powers to make appropriate decisions to prevent the happening of such event in the future. If the member of the Australian Fair Work Commission is not satisfied that, such an application against the alleged bullying will be successful, he can dismiss the application in its initial stages (Australia 2013). The Australian Fair Work Commission under section 789FF Fair Work Amendment Act 2013 may make a decision, if it is satisfied that the worker who has made an application under section 789FC is actually being bullied, to stop the bulling. The Australian Fair Work Commission does not have powers to give a decision, which accounts to monetary compensation (D'Cruz et al. 2016). The court may order the principal or the employer of the alleged bully, to take appropriate actions against him for the offense committed by him. This action could be disciplinary action or any fine or penalty imposed of the alleged bully to stop him from doing the act in future (Australia 2013). The breach of an order by a person, made by the Australian Fair Work Commission will make the person liable to pay a civil penalty, but it will not be regarded as an offence (French, Boyle and Muurlink 2015.). Australian Fair Work Commission also has the function of spreading the awareness about bullying at workplace, among the workers and the employers for the betterment of workplace conditions (Allison and Bastiampillai 2016). Recommendations: If I were the human resource manager of an Australian Engineering company, I would have taken the following steps towards the management of anti-bullying activity within the organization: Zero tolerance policy- I would recommend to have a zero tolerance policy against the bullying at workplace. The rules and regulations made to prevent workplace bullying have to be implemented strictly. Strict disciplinary action has to be taken against those who are associated with such actions, which must include fines and penalties to prevent them from doing such actions in the future. Training- I would recommend frequent training and awareness programs for the workers. They should be made aware of the ill effects of bulling and the consequences such actions if committed by them. The employees being aware their rights and liabilities will not get associated with any such act within the organization. Investigation- I would recommend for establishing an anti-bullying committee within the organizations whose job will be to investigate any matter with respect to bulling at workplace. In addition, it would also decide the punishment and penalties for such actions based on their seriousness. Rewards: - I would recommend rewards for those employees who without any fear report the actions related to bulling at workplace. If proper information is received by us then we can take necessary actions to prevent such acts. References: Adams, B., 2013. Consumer law and policy in Australia and New Zealand [Book Review].Ethos: Official Publication of the Law Society of the Australian Capital Territory, (229), p.38. Allison, S. and Bastiampillai, T., 2016. Workplace bullying in Australia: Recruiting ethical leaders is an important public health measure.Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry, p.0004867416660201. Australia, S.W., 2013. Guide for preventing and responding to workplace bullying. Australia, S.W., 2013. Preventing and Responding to Workplace Bullying Draft Code of Practice. BHP Billiton | Competition Law". Bhpbilliton.com. N.p., 2016. Web. 23 Nov. 2016. BHP Billiton | Operating With Integrity". Bhpbilliton.com. N.p., 2016. Web. 23 Nov. 2016. Ciro, Tony Goldwasser, Vivien, (author.) Verma, Reeta, (author.) 2014,Law and business, Fourth edition, South Melbourne, Victoria Oxford University Press Competition and Consumer Act 2010 Corones, S.G., 2013.The Australian consumer law. Thomson Reuters, Lawbook Co.. D'Cruz, P., Paull, M., Omari, M. and Guneri-Cangarli, B., 2016. Target experiences of workplace bullying: insights from Australia, India and Turkey.Employee Relations: The International Journal,38(5). Fair Work Amendment act 2013 French, B., Boyle, M.V. and Muurlink, O., 2015. Workplace Bullying in Australia: The Fair Work Act and its Impact. Knake, R.N., 2014. Legal Information, the Consumer Law Market, and the First Amendment.Fordham Law Review,82, pp.12-10. Schaper, M.T. and Cejnar, L., 2016. DEVELOPING ONLINE COMPETITION LAW EDUCATION TOOLS FOR SMEs.Competition Law, Regulation and SMEs in the Asia-Pacific: Understanding the Small Business Perspective, p.103. Steinwall, R. and Griggs, L., 2016. Australian Competition and Consumer Law Journal.Competition and Consumer Law Journal,24(1). Taylor, D. and McNamara, N., 2014. The Australian consumer law after the first three years-is it a success?.Curtin Law and Taxation Review,1(1), pp.96-132. Thampapillai, D., Tan, V., Bozzi, C. and Matthew, A., 2015.Australian Commercial Law. Cambridge University Press. Tynan, D., 2015. Australian consumer law [Book Review].Bar News: The Journal of the NSW Bar Association, (Summer 2015), p.78. Whish, R. and Bailey, D., 2015.Competition law. Oxford University Press, USA. Worth, B.L., 2016. Are we there yet? A return to the rational for Australian consumer protection.AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF COMPETITION AND CONSUMER LAW,24(1), pp.33-52.